WikiAnesthesia - User contributions [en]

Rocuronium

2022-12-22T19:56:57Z

Sydneyjaj: Added basic information on rocuronium mechanism of action and dosing.

{{Infobox drug reference
| trade_names = Zemuron
| drug_class = Neuromuscular blocker
| drug_class_color = neuromuscular_blocker
| uses =
| contraindications =
| routes = Intravenous
| dosage = Intravenous
- Standard Intubation Dose: 0.6 mg/kg
- Rapid Sequence Intubation Dose: 1.2 mg/kg
- Defasciculating Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
| halflife_redistribution =
| protein_binding =
| clearance =
| halflife_elimination =
| adverse_effects =
| metabolism =
| duration = 35-75 minutes (Dose Dependent)
| time_onset = Standard Intubating Dose: 1.5 minutes
Rapid Sequence Induction Dose: 90 seconds
| dosage_calculation = rocuronium
| mechanism = Nicotinic acetylcholine antagonism
| image_file = Rocuronium.svg
}}

Rocuronium is an intermediate duration non-depolarizing muscle relaxant.

==Uses==

==Contraindications==

===Absolute contraindications===

===Precautions===

==Pharmacology==

===Pharmacodynamics===

====Mechanism of action====
Rocuronium is a competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. By blocking acetylcholine from binding it inhibits depolarization.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Butterworth IV|first=John F.|title=Neuromuscular Blocking Agents|date=2022|url=http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1190604416|work=Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology|edition=7|place=New York, NY|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|access-date=2022-12-22|last2=Mackey|first2=David C.|last3=Wasnick|first3=John D.}}</ref>

====Adverse effects====

===Pharmacokinetics===
Onset for 0.6 - 0.8 mg/kg Dose: 1.5 minutes

Onset for 0.9 - 1.2 mg/kg Dose: 60 - 90 seconds<ref name=":0" />

==Chemistry and formulation==
Monoquaternary steroid non-depolarizing muscle relaxant.<ref name=":0" />

==History==

==References==

[[Category:Drug reference]]
[[Category:Neuromuscular blockers]]
[[Category:Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers]]

Esmolol

2022-12-21T20:10:11Z

Sydneyjaj: Added information about esmolol

{{Infobox drug reference
| trade_names = Brevibloc
| image_file = Esmolol.svg
| drug_class = Beta blocker
| drug_class_color = cardiovascular_antagonist
| uses =
| contraindications =
| routes = Intravenous
| dosage = Attenuating cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy:
Adult: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg IV bolus

Perioperative tachycardia and hypertension:
Adult: 0.5-1 mg/kg IV bolus. Can start an infusion at 50 mcg/kg/minute and titrate up to a maximum rate of 300 mcg/kg/minute.
| dosage_calculation = esmolol
| mechanism = Beta-1 antagonism
| adverse_effects = Bradycardia, Hypotension
| time_onset =
| duration =
| metabolism =
| halflife_redistribution =
| halflife_elimination =
| clearance =
| protein_binding =
}}

Esmolol is an ultrashort-acting selective β1-antagonist. It primarily decreases heart rate with less of an effect on blood pressure. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1309921315|title=Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology|date=2022|others=John F., IV Butterworth, David C. Mackey, John D. Wasnick|isbn=9781260473797|edition=Seventh edition|location=New York|oclc=1309921315}}</ref>

== Uses ==
Treat/prevent perioperative tachycardia and hypertension .

Opioid sparing anesthesia.<ref name=":0" />

== Contraindications ==

=== Absolute contraindications ===

=== Precautions ===
While it is cardioselective at lower doses, use higher doses cautiously in patients with bronchospastic disease. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=UpToDate - Esmolol: Drug information|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/esmolol-drug-information?source=auto_suggest&selectedTitle=1~1---1~4---esmolol&search=esmolol#F166853|url-status=live|access-date=2022-12-21|website=www.uptodate.com}}</ref>

Extreme caution should be used in patients with bradycardia, hypotension, greater than first degree heart block, cardiogenic shock or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.<ref name=":0" /> Avoid in patients who recently received a calcium channel blocker. <ref name=":1" />

== Pharmacology ==

=== Pharmacodynamics ===

==== Mechanism of action ====
At normal doses it is a selective β1-antagonist, at higher doses it also inhibits β2 receptors in both bronchial and vascular smooth muscle. <ref name=":0" />

==== Adverse effects ====

=== Pharmacokinetics ===

== Chemistry and formulation ==

== History ==

== References ==

[[Category:Drug reference]]
[[Category:Adrenergic receptor modulators]]
[[Category:Beta blockers]]
[[Category:Beta-1 antagonists]]
[[Category:Chronotropes]]
[[Category:Negative chronotropes]]

Remifentanil

2022-12-22T20:09:35Z

Sydneyjaj: Added pharmacokinetic information in summary box

{{Infobox drug reference
| trade_names = Ultiva
| image_file = Remifentanil.svg
| drug_class = Opioid
| drug_class_color = opioid
| uses = Analgesia
| contraindications =
| routes = Intravenous
| dosage =
| dosage_calculation = remifentanil
| mechanism = μ-opioid agonism
| adverse_effects =
| time_onset =
| duration =
| metabolism = Rapid Ester Hydrolysis by Nonspecic Esterases
| halflife_redistribution = 3 minutes
| halflife_elimination = 10 minutes
| clearance =
| protein_binding =
}}

Provide a brief summary of this drug here.

== Uses ==

== Contraindications ==

=== Absolute contraindications ===

=== Precautions ===

== Pharmacology ==

=== Pharmacodynamics ===

==== Mechanism of action ====

==== Adverse effects ====

=== Pharmacokinetics ===

== Chemistry and formulation ==

== History ==

== References ==

[[Category:Drug reference]]
[[Category:Opioids]]
[[Category:Opioid analgesics]]